Explanation:
A quadratic graph y = ax2 + bx + c is a smooth, symmetrical U-shaped curve called a parabola (or ∩-shaped if a is negative). When substituting negative values into x2, always use brackets: squaring a negative number gives a positive answer, e.g. (−2)2 = +4.
Plot each (x, y) point from your table and join them with a single smooth curve (never connect points with straight ruler lines). The bottom of the curve is the minimum turning point, and the points where it crosses the x-axis (y = 0) are the roots.
Example 1: Complete the table for y = x2 − 2x − 3.
Solution:
For x = −2: (−2)2 − 2(−2) − 3 = 4 + 4 − 3 = 5
Notice the symmetrical y-values around (1, −4).
Example 2: From the graph of y = x2 − 2x − 3, find (a) the turning point and (b) the roots of x2 − 2x − 3 = 0.
Solution:
(a) Minimum point on curve: (1, −4)
(b) Crosses y = 0 at x = −1 and 3
Ans: (1, −4); x = −1, 3